The origins of the notion of human rights

In all the great cultures of the world, there have arisen notions of a higher, ideal order of reality, either given in nature or sanctioned by religion. Against this standard, the currently prevailing political and social reality is questioned and measured.

This leads to new forms of legitimization for the exercise of power. Rulers can no longer rule arbitrarily as they see fit, but must answer morally for their political actions.